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How the Higgs Boson Was Found

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How the Higgs Boson Was Found Before the elusive particle could be discovered—a smashing success—it had to be imagined image: http://thumbs.media.smithsonianmag.com//filer/Higgs-boson-ATLAS-detector-631.jpg__800x600_q85_crop.jpg The ATLAS detector, one of two experiments to spot the elusive Higgs boson in particle smashups at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider, weighs as much as a hundred 747 jets and houses more than 1,800 miles of cable.  (Claudia Marcelloni / CERN) By  Brian Greene SMITHSONIAN MAGAZINE |  SUBSCRIBE   JULY 2013 500 43 17 41 73 31 6.1K 500   43   41   73 17   6.1K Editor's note: On October 8, 2013, Peter Higgs and Francois Englert won the Nobel Prize in Physics for their work on the Higgs boson. Below, our science columnist Brian Greene explains the science behind the discovery. A famous story in the annals of physics tells of a 5-year-old Albert Einstein, sick in bed, receiving a toy compass from his fathe...

Raw foodies: Europe's earliest humans did not use fire

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Raw foodies: Europe's earliest humans did not use fire December 14, 2016 Cluster of starch granules in microfossils extracted from dental calculus. Credit: Karen Hardy Studying dental plaque from a 1.2 million year old hominin (early human species), recovered by the Atapuerca Research Team in 2007 in Sima del Elefante in northern Spain, archaeologists extracted microfossils to find the earliest direct evidence of food eaten by early humans. These microfossils included traces of raw animal tissue, uncooked starch granules indicating consumption of grasses, pollen grains from a species of pine, insect fragments and a possible fragment of a toothpick. All detected fibres were uncharred, and there was also no  evidence  showing inhalation of microcharcoal - normally a clear indicator of proximity to  fire . The timing of the earliest use of fire for cooking is hotly contested, with some researchers arguing habitual use started around 1.8 million years ago w...